Geometrical Isomerism of Phenylhydrazones of α-Keto Esters. II.p-Substituted Phenylhydrazones of Ethyl Pyruvate and 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones of Some α-Keto Esters

Copper-catalyzed cascade reactions of α,β-unsaturated esters with keto esters

A copper-catalyzed cascade reaction of α,β-unsaturated esters with keto esters is reported. It features a copper-catalyzed reductive aldolization followed by a lactonization. This method provides a facile approach to prepare γ-carboxymethyl-γ-lactones and δ-carboxymethyl-δ-lactones under mild reaction conditions.

some properties of fuzzy hilbert spaces and norm of operators

in this thesis, at first we investigate the bounded inverse theorem on fuzzy normed linear spaces and study the set of all compact operators on these spaces. then we introduce the notions of fuzzy boundedness and investigate a new norm operators and the relationship between continuity and boundedness. and, we show that the space of all fuzzy bounded operators is complete. finally, we define...

Stereochemical Control of Yeast Reduction of α-Keto Esters in an Organic Solvent

Grubbs Cross-Metathesis Pathway for a Scalable Synthesis of γ-Keto-α,β-unsaturated Esters

A direct and scalable route to γ-keto-α,β-unsaturated esters, useful intermediates in medicinal chemistry and natural products synthesis, is reported. The key step involves the use of Grubbs' second-generation olefin metathesis catalyst for cross-metathesis of alkyl acrylates and 2° allylic alcohols. The metathesis step is followed by oxidation to give the desired products in high yield on scal...

Asymmetric α-amination of β-keto esters using a guanidine–bisurea bifunctional organocatalyst

An asymmetric α-amination of β-keto esters with azodicarboxylate in the presence of a guanidine-bisurea bifunctional organocatalyst was investigated. The α-amination products were obtained in up to 99% yield with up to 94% ee.